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【Objective】 To understand the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 in Shaanxi Province from December 9, 2021 to January 20, 2022, and analyze the factors influencing the interval from isolation to diagnosis. 【Methods】 We collected the data of local COVID-19 cases from December 9, 2021 to January 20, 2022 published on the official website of Health Commission of Shaanxi Province. Descriptive statistical method was used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 in Shaanxi Province. Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis H test were used to compare the differences between groups. The unconditional Logistic regression model was applied to analyze the factors influencing the interval between isolation and diagnosis. 【Results】 The outbreak of COVID-19 in Shaanxi Province started on December 9, 2021 and ended on January 20, 2022. The overall change trend of the outbreak showed an "inverted V" shape. A total of 2,080 confirmed local cases were reported, and the main type of disease was mild, with an incidence rate of 5.26/100,000. Xi’an had the most cases, accounting for 98.69% of the total. The reported cases were mainly concentrated in people aged 21 to 55 years old, with a male-to-female sex ratio of 1.19∶1. The median interval from isolation to diagnosis was 3 days, the shortest interval being 0 day and the longest interval being 21 days. Unconditional Logistic regression model analysis showed that the way of finding cases was the factor influencing the interval from isolation to diagnosis. Compared with the way of isolation of the key population, the way of the nucleic acid screening could reduce the risk of late detection of confirmed cases by 89% (OR=0.11, 95% CI: 0.07-0.16). 【Conclusion】 The way of finding cases is the factor influencing the interval from isolation to diagnosis. In the face of the recent intensification of the spread of Omicron variant in mainland China, accurate and rapid identification and detection of confirmed cases can not only reduce the risk of the spread of the epidemic, but also endeavor more time and initiative for the treatment of patients, which is the key to curbing the spread of the epidemic.
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ObjectiveBy comparing the differences in composition and content of volatile components between Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma（AMR）and bleaching AMR， bran-fried AMR and bran-fried bleaching AMR， the effect of processing with rice-washed water on the volatile components in AMR and bran-fried AMR were investigated. MethodHeadspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（HS-GC-MS）was used to determine the volatile components in raw products， bran-fried products and their processed products with rice-washed water. GC conditions were programmed temperature（starting temperature of 50 ℃， rising to 140 ℃ at 10 ℃·min-1， maintained for 5 min， then rising to 210 ℃ at 4 ℃·min-1）， splitting ratio of 10∶1， high purity helium as the carrier gas and a solvent delay time of 3 min. MS conditions were an electron bombardment ion source（EI） with an electron collision energy of 70 eV， ion source temperature of 230 ℃， and the detection range of m/z 20-650. The relative contents of the components were determined by the peak area normalization method， the obtained sample data were subjected to principal component analysis（PCA） and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis（OPLS-DA） by SIMCA 14.1 software， and the differential components of AMR and bleaching AMR， and bran-fried AMR and bran-fried bleaching AMR were screened according to variable importance in the projection（VIP） value>1 and P<0.05. ResultA total of 71 volatile components were identified， including 53 in AMR， 50 in bleaching AMR， 51 in bran-fried AMR， and 44 in bran-fried bleaching AMR. OPLS-DA results showed that there were significant differences between AMR and bleaching AMR， bran-fried AMR and bran-fried bleaching AMR， but not between AMR samples from different origins. The compound composition of AMR and bleaching AMR， bran-fried AMR and bran-fried bleaching AMR did not change， but the contents of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes changed significantly. ConclusionSignificant changes in the contents of volatile components were observed in AMR and bleaching AMR， bran-fried AMR and bran-fried bleaching AMR， among them， 1，2-dimethyl-4-methylidenecyclopentene， 9，10-dehydro-isolongifolene， γ-elemene， zingiberene， atractylone， silphinene， modhephene and （1S，4S，4aS）-1-isopropyl-4，7-dimethyl-1，2，3，4，4a，5-hexahydronaphthalene can be used as candidate differential markers of volatile components of AMR before and after processing with rice-washed water.
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OBJECTIV E To study composition an d content changes of volatile components during the bleaching process of Atractylodis macrocephala with the water of washing rice. METHODS The raw products of A. macrocephala and bleached products of 5 different bleaching stages were prepared （in the first and second stages ，raw products were bleached with 9-fold volumn of the water of washing rice for 12 h and 24 h，respectively；in the third ，fourth and fifth stages ，the raw products were firstly bleached with 9-fold volumn of the water of washing rice for 24 h，and then bleached with 9-fold volumn of clean water for 12，24 and 48 h，respectively）；the bleaching temperature was set at 26 ℃. The volatile components of raw products of A. macrocephala and its bleached products of 5 different bleaching stages were qualitatively analyzed by using headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The relative percentage of each component was calculated by peak area normalization method. RESULTS A total of 49 volatile components were identified from raw products of A. macrocephala and its bleached products of 5 different bleaching stages，including 20 common volatile components such as terpinolene ，cyperene and atractylon ，etc. Among them ，33，31，28， 30，28 and 29 volatile components were identified from the raw products of A. macrocephala and the bleached products of the first to fifth stages ，the relative percentages of which were 66.218％ ，64.711％ ，79.410％ ，65.419％ ，67.101％ ，66.818％ ， respectively；among them ，the relative percentage of atractylon in bleached products was the highest in the fourth stage （41.206％），but was the lowest in the third stage （35.926％）. Compared with the raw product ，16 volatile components such as pethylbrene and β-vetivenen were added in the bleaching process ，while 8 volatile components such as ethyl palmitate and β-maaliene were not detected. However ，5 volatile components including 11-rotundene and （－）-valeranone in the bleaching process showed a trend of disappearance-emergence and disappearance-emergence-disappearance. CONCLUSIONS In the third stage，the total relative percentage of each volatile component and the relative percentage of representative dry component as ， atractylone are the lowest in bleached products of A. ； macrocephala，i.e. the bleaching technology of relieving the dry property of A. macrocephala e with the water of washing rice is bleaching with 9-fold volumn of the water of washing rice for 24 h，and then bleaching with 9-fold volumn of clean water for 12 h.
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ObjectiveTo identify the chemical constituents of Alismatis Rhizoma before and after processing with salt-water by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry （UPLC-Q-TOF-MS）， and to investigate the changes of terpenoids in Alismatis Rhizoma before and after processing with salt-water. MethodUPLC-Q-TOF-MS was used to detect with 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution （A）-acetonitrile （B）as mobile phase for gradient elution （0-0.01 min， 20%B； 0.01-5 min， 20%-40%B； 5-40 min， 40%-95%B； 40-42 min， 95%B； 42-42.1 min， 95%-20%B； 42.1-45 min， 20%B）， electrospray ionization （ESI） was selected for collection and detection in positive ion mode with the scanning range of m/z 100-1 250 and ion source temperature at 500 ℃. The data were analyzed by PeakView 1.2.0.3， the components were identified according to the primary and secondary MS data， and combined with the reference substance and literature. After normalized treatment by MarkerView 1.2.1， the MS data were analyzed by principal component analysis （PCA） and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis （OPLS-DA）， and then the differential components before and after processing were screened. The content changes of differential components were analyzed according to the relative peak area. ResultA total of 30 components were identified under positive ion mode， including 28 prototerpene triterpenes and 2 sesquiterpenes. The results of PCA and OPLS-DA showed that there were significant differences in components from Alismatis Rhizoma before and after processing with salt-water， and 10 differential components （alisol B 23-acetate， alisol I， alismol， 11-deoxy-alisol B 23-acetate， alisol B， alisol C， 11-deoxy-alisol B， alisol G， 11-deoxy-alisol C and alisol A） were screened， and the contents of alisol G and alisol A decreased significantly after processing. ConclusionUPLC-Q-TOF-MS can comprehensively and accurately identify the chemical constituents in raw and salt-processed products of Alismatis Rhizoma. It takes a great difference in the contents of chemical constituents before and after processing， and the difference of substituents is the main reason for this differences， which can provide reference for determining the material basis of efficacy changes of Alismatis Rhizoma before and after processing with salt-water.
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ObjectiveTo identify the chemical constituents of Alismatis Rhizoma before and after processing with salt-water by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry （UPLC-Q-TOF-MS）， and to investigate the changes of terpenoids in Alismatis Rhizoma before and after processing with salt-water. MethodUPLC-Q-TOF-MS was used to detect with 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution （A）-acetonitrile （B）as mobile phase for gradient elution （0-0.01 min， 20%B； 0.01-5 min， 20%-40%B； 5-40 min， 40%-95%B； 40-42 min， 95%B； 42-42.1 min， 95%-20%B； 42.1-45 min， 20%B）， electrospray ionization （ESI） was selected for collection and detection in positive ion mode with the scanning range of m/z 100-1 250 and ion source temperature at 500 ℃. The data were analyzed by PeakView 1.2.0.3， the components were identified according to the primary and secondary MS data， and combined with the reference substance and literature. After normalized treatment by MarkerView 1.2.1， the MS data were analyzed by principal component analysis （PCA） and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis （OPLS-DA）， and then the differential components before and after processing were screened. The content changes of differential components were analyzed according to the relative peak area. ResultA total of 30 components were identified under positive ion mode， including 28 prototerpene triterpenes and 2 sesquiterpenes. The results of PCA and OPLS-DA showed that there were significant differences in components from Alismatis Rhizoma before and after processing with salt-water， and 10 differential components （alisol B 23-acetate， alisol I， alismol， 11-deoxy-alisol B 23-acetate， alisol B， alisol C， 11-deoxy-alisol B， alisol G， 11-deoxy-alisol C and alisol A） were screened， and the contents of alisol G and alisol A decreased significantly after processing. ConclusionUPLC-Q-TOF-MS can comprehensively and accurately identify the chemical constituents in raw and salt-processed products of Alismatis Rhizoma. It takes a great difference in the contents of chemical constituents before and after processing， and the difference of substituents is the main reason for this differences， which can provide reference for determining the material basis of efficacy changes of Alismatis Rhizoma before and after processing with salt-water.
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Objective:To investigate the levels and influencing factors of serum pertussis toxin (PT)-IgG antibody in children with pertussis.Methods:The clinical data including age, course of disease and vaccination status of children with laboratory-confirmed pertussis and tested for PT-IgG antibody in Shenzhen Children′s Hospital from July 2015 to December 2018 were collected. Venous blood samples were obtained to detect PT-IgG antibody levels. Nasopharyngeal swabs were taken for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test to detect Bordetella pertussis nucleic acid and culture of Bordetella pertussis. Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison between two groups.Kruskal-Wallis test was used for comparison among multiple groups. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of PT-IgG antibody levels. Results:A total of 871 children aged 4(2, 7) months were included, among whom, 592(68.0%) cases were under six months and 754 (86.6%) cases were under one year old. The course of disease was 15 (11, 20) days. Among 871 cases, 864 (99.2%) cases were PCR test and (or) culture positive, including 696 cases positive only for PCR test, 35 cases positive only for culture and 133 cases positive for both PCR test and culture. There were 452 (51.9%) children who were not vaccinated and 346 (39.7%) children vaccinated with at least one dose. In terms of age, the PT-IgG amtibody levels of children aged 0 to two months, three to five months, six months to two years and ≥three years were 0.7 (0, 8.2) IU/mL, 2.3 (0, 23.0) IU/mL, 24.6 (0, 112.3) IU/mL and 24.9 (0, 114.7) IU/mL, respectively. The PT-IgG antibody levels of children after onset of symptoms at 0 to two weeks, more than two to four weeks, more than four to eight weeks and more than eight weeks were 0(0, 7.9) IU/mL, 8.7(0, 56.0) IU/mL, 26.6(5.1, 82.9) IU/mL and 68.0(15.3, 118.8) IU/mL, respectively. The differences were both statistically significant ( H=88.346 and 94.076, respectively, both P<0.01). The PT-IgG antibody levels in children who were unvaccinated and vaccinated with at least one dose were 0.9 (0, 12.7) IU/mL and 14.6(0, 86.3) IU/mL, respectively. The difference was statistically significant ( Z=-8.520, P<0.01) PT-IgG≥80 IU/mL accounted for 16%(139/871) in the whole range of age, 34.3%(12/35) in children ≥three years old. There were 13 patients aged ≥three years old with a disease course >two weeks, among whom, six patients had PT-IgG≥80 IU/mL. Age, course of disease and vaccination status were independent influencing factors of PT-IgG levels ( β=0.108, 0.189 and 0.250, respectively, all P<0.01). Conclusions:The levels of PT-IgG antibody in children with pertussis are influenced by age, course of disease and vaccination status. The single serum PT-IgG of 80 IU/mL as cut-off value in the diagnosis of pertussis may lead to a increase of missed diagnosis. Therefore, it is necessary to further explore the standards suitable for children in China.
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Objective:To investigate the effect of an improved hydro-colloid dressing sticking method on preventing protective equipment induced facial pressure injuries among medical staff through a prospective, single-arm trial.Methods:According to the size of the edge of N95 mask, four pieces of hydro-colloid dressing with a size of 2 cm×5 cm were cut, and the edges of the mask were tension-free stuck. This improved sticking method was applied to the nurses working in the isolation ward. The follow-up was continued for two weeks, skin condition was reported daily, and the occurrence of pressure ulcers was analyzed after two weeks of follow-up.Results:Twenty percent (4/20) of subjects experienced increase grades of nasal and twenty five percent (5/20) in cheek pressure ulcers during a two-week follow-up. The incidence of the increased stage of cheek pressure ulcer in normal/dry skin was higher than in oily skin. Stage 2 pressure ulcers occurred in only five percent (1/20) of subjects, and no subjects had stage 3 or higher stage pressure ulcers. The incidence of increased cheek pressure ulcer grade in patients with neutral / dry skin was (5/11), higher than 0 in patients with oily skin ( χ2 value was 5.378, P = 0.02). The stage of nasal pressure ulcer was positively correlated with the disappearance time of the indentation of protective equipment ( r value was 0.615, P=0.004). The rate of increase in nasal pressure sore grade was higher in subjects who required more than 120 minutes of indentation recovery time (2/8) than in subjects who required 30 to 60 minutes 1/5 ( χ2 value was 4.382, P<0.05) and 60-120 minutes 1/5 ( χ2 value was 6.472, P<0.05). Conclusions:This improved hydro-colloid dressing sticking method can effectively prevent pressure injuries related to wearing N95 masks for a long time. However, skin evaluation of medical staff should be done properly, moisture protection for normal/dry skin should be emphasized, and skin blood flow recovery after compression should be strengthened. This method can reduce the risk of infection of medical staff, and it is worthy of clinical application.
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Objective:To evaluate the effect of preoperative sleep deprivation on the intestinal microflora of immunosuppressed mice after operation.Methods:Seventy-two SPF healthy adult male C57BL/6J mice, aged 8-10 weeks, weighing 23-25 g, were divided into 5 groups using a random number table method: operation group (group O, n=18), preoperative sleep deprivation group (group SR, n=18), pseudo germ-free mice orally treated with normal saline group (group GF+ V, n=12), pseudo germ-free mice that received fecal bacteria transplants from mice in group O group (group GF+ C, n=12), and pseudo germ-free mice that received fecal bacteria transplants from mice in group SR group (group GF+ SR, n=12). In group O and group SR, mice were subjected to sleep deprivation for 20 h every day for 7 consecutive days starting from 7 days before intraperitoneal exploration and partial liver lobectomy.Broad-spectrum antibiotics dissolved in drinking water were given ad libitum to C57BL/6 mice for 14 consecutive days starting from 2 weeks before operation to establish the pseudo germ-free mice model.Pseudo germ-free mice were gavaged with normal saline or fecal suspension (200 μl) obtained from mice at 24 h after surgery in group O and group SR.The fecal samples were collected at 24 h after operation for 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis.The longitudinal diameter and weight of the spleen were measured at 24 h after operation or fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). CD4 + T cells, CD8 + T cells and regulatory T cells (Treg cells) were detected by flow cytometry. Results:Compared with group O, the Simpson diversity index of intestinal microflora was significantly decreased, the number of CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells in blood was decreased, the percentage of Treg cells was increased, and the longitudinal diameter and weight of the spleen were decreased in group SR, and the numbers of CD4 + and CD8 + cells in blood were significantly decreased, the percentage of Treg cells in blood was increased, and the longitudinal diameter and weight of the spleen were decreased in group GF+ V ( P<0.05). Compared with group GF+ V, the number of CD4 + T cells and CD8 + T cells in the blood was significantly increased, the percentage of Treg cells was decreased, and the longitudinal diameter and weight of the spleen were increased in group GF+ O ( P<0.05). Compared with group GF+ O, the number of CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells in blood was significantly decreased, the percentage of Treg cells was increased, and the longitudinal diameter and weight of the spleen were decreased in group GF+ SR ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The mechanism by which preoperative sleep deprivation accentuates postoperative immunosuppression is related to the intestinal microflora disorder in mice.
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Hepatitis B virus core protein can self-assemble into icosahedral symmetrical viral-like particles (VLPs) in vitro, and display exogenous sequences repeatedly and densely on the surface. VLPs also have strong immunogenicity and biological activity. When the nanoparticles enter the body, they quickly induce specific humoral and cellular immune responses to exogenous antigens. In this study, we designed an HBc-VLPs that can be coupled with antigens at specific sites, and developed a set of efficient methods to prepare HBc-VLPs. Through site-specific mutation technology, the 80th amino acid of peptide was changed from Ala to Cys, a specific cross-linking site was inserted into the main immunodominant region of HBc-VLPs, and the prokaryotic expression vector pET28a(+)-hbc was constructed. After expression and purification, high purity HBc(A80C) monomer protein was assembled into HBc-VLPs nanoparticles in Phosphate Buffer. The results of particle size analysis show that the average particle size of nanoparticles was 29.8 nm. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that HBc-VLPs formed spherical particles with a particle size of about 30 nm, and its morphology was similar to that of natural HBV particles. The influenza virus antigen M2e peptide as model antigen was connected to Cys residue of HBc-VLPs by Sulfo-SMCC, an amino sulfhydryl bifunctional cross-linking agent, and M2e-HBc-VLPs model vaccine was prepared. The integrity of HBc-VLPs structure and the correct cross-linking of M2e were verified by cell fluorescence tracing. Animal immune experiments showed that the vaccine can effectively stimulate the production of antigen-specific IgG antibody in mice, which verified the effectiveness of the vaccine carrier HBc-VLPs. This study lays a foundation for the research of HBc-VLPs as vaccine vector, and help to promote the development of HBc-VLPs vaccine and the application of HBc-VLPs in other fields.
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Animals , Mice , Hepatitis B Core Antigens , Genetics , Allergy and Immunology , Immunity, Cellular , Allergy and Immunology , Immunoglobulin G , Blood , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle , Genetics , Allergy and ImmunologyABSTRACT
To explore the role of P53, pairing box gene 8 antibody (PAX8), and calcium omentum protein (Calretinin) in the origin of epithelial ovarian cancer. Methods: A total of 63 tissue samples of ovarian tumor and fallopian tubes were collected. Immunohistochemistry methods were used to analyze the expression of P53, PAX8, and Calretinin. The relationship between these protein levels and the classification of ovarian tumors was evaluated. Results: In epithelial ovarian cancer, the P53 or PAX8 was correlated with the occurrence of high-grade carcinoma, while the calretinin was correlated with the occurrence of low-grade carcinoma (P<0.05). The combination of PAX8 with Calretinin was correlated with the grade of ovarian tumor (P<0.05). The combination of P53 with Calretinin was correlated with the grade of tumor (P<0.05). The combination of P53 with PAX8 was correlated with the grade of tumor (P<0.05). The expression of P53 in fallopian tubes was correlated with the malignant degree of epithelial ovarian cancer (P<0.05). The degree of fallopian tube lesions in patients with ovarian cancer was correlated with epithelial ovarian cancer. The malignant lesions of tubal epithelium was correlated with high-grade carcinoma, while the normal or atypical hyperplasia of tubal epithelium was correlated with low-grade carcinoma (P<0.05). Conclusion: P53 and Calretinin combined with PAX8 show a synergistic effect on the differentiation of epithelial ovarian cancer grade. The morphology of HE and the expression of TP53 in the fallopian tube epithelium play an auxiliary role in the diagnosis of epithelial ovarian cancer.
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Female , Humans , Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial , Epithelium , Fallopian Tubes , Ovarian Neoplasms , PAX8 Transcription FactorABSTRACT
We reported the diagnosis and treatment of a male infant with congenital tuberculosis. He was a small for gestational age (SGA) and formula-fed baby born virginally at the gestational age of 36 weeks. He was admitted to hospital at the age of 28 days for fever. His mother experienced untreated low fever and cough at 24-28 gestational weeks and was postnatally diagnosed as having pulmonary tuberculosis and tuberculosis encephalitis. Physical examination of the baby found hepatomegaly and splenomegaly on admission and the lab results indicated anaemia, elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) and impaired liver function. Acid-fast Bacillus was detected in gastric fluid smear test using acid-fast staining. The detection of T-cell ELIspots in tuberculosis infection (T-SPOT.TB) test was positive. Chest/abdominal X-rays showed multiple nodular and linear shadows in both lungs. Abdominal MRI revealed abnormal signals of diffuse nodular lesions in the liver and spleen. X-rays of the long bones showed few periosteal reactions in both femurs. Quadruple anti-tuberculosis therapy with isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide and amikacin was initiated on admission and the patient experienced fluctuating body temperature, poor weight gain and CRP level ranging from 15 to 22 mg/L. Though the pulmonary lesion subsided after the treatment, no significant change occured in hepatic or splenic lesions. The baby boy was discharged from the hospital at the request of his parents on 39 d and lost to follow-up.
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Objective To analyze the hemodynamic changes of cerebral arteries in patients with chronic extracranial internal carotid artery occlusion (EICAO).Methods Ninety-six patients with chronic unilateral EICAO who were admitted to Kailuan General Hospital from September 2012 to December 2015 were selected as the case group (EICAO group),and 30 volunteers were selected as the control group.Color transcranial Doppler ultrasonography was used to detect the anterior communicating artery (ACOA) of the grade Ⅰ collateral circulation,the posterior communicating artery (PCOA),the ocular artery of the grade Ⅱ collateral circulation,and the pial collateral branch.Circulation rate and cerebral hemodynamic parameters:(Mean blood flow velocity (Vm) and pulsatility index).Results In the left and right EICAO groups,the opening rates of collateral circulation at grade Ⅰ were 86.96％ (40/46),96.00％ (48/50) and 78.26％ (36/46) and 88.00％ (44/50) respectively.There were significant differences in the opening rates of collateral circulation at grade Ⅰ between the two groups (x2 =4.114,P =0.043).There was no significant difference in the opening rates of collateral circulation at grade Ⅱ between the two groups (x2 =3.544,P =0.060).The left and right sides of EICAO group were compared with the same side of control group.The Vm of the common carotid artery (left side of the EICAO group (24.08 ± 9.25) cm/s),left side of the control group (32.52±3.28) cm/s,P＜0.01);right side of the EICAO group (22.20±5.51) cm/s),right side of the control group(31.58±3.35) cm/s,P＜0.01)) and the end-carotid artery end stage (TICA) The pulsation index (left side of left EICAO group (0.78 ±0.17),left side of control group (0.92±0.08),P ＜0.01);right side of right EICAO group (0.75 ± 0.19),right side of control group (0.91 ± 0.10),P ＜0.01),Vm of middle cerebral artery (MCA) (left side of left EICAO group(40.29 ±20.61) cm/s,left side of control group(55.72 ±5.60) cm/s,right side of EICAO;The right side of group (37.10±19.70) cm/s),the right side of control group (53.70±6.28) cm/s,P＜0.01),the pulsation index of MCA (left side of left EICAO group(0.74±0.19),left side of control group(0.87±0.10),P＜0.01;right side of right EICAO group (0.69±0.23),right side of control group:(0.90 ± 0.08),P ＜ 0.01).There were significant differences.NIHSS score of neurological impairment:normal 17.39％ (8/46),mild 39.13％ (18/46),moderate 30.44％ (14/46),moderate severe 13.04％ (6/46) in left EICAO group,and normal 18.00％ (9/50),mild 54.00％ (27/50),moderate 24.00％ (12/50),moderate severe 4.00％ (2/50) in right EICAO group.There was no significant difference between the two groups (P =0.178).Conclusion The ipsilateral common carotid artery and its distal middle cerebral artery in patients with chronic unilateral internal carotid artery occlusionshow hypoperfusion of hemodynamics,accompanied by neurological impairment.
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Objective To examine role and possible mechanism of enriched environment (EE) on regulating recovery of visual function in adult monocular deprivation amblyopia mice.Methods A total of 72 healthyKunming mice were divided into normal control group,monocular deprivation (MD) group,MD+EE group and M D+ fluoxetine group by random number table.Except for the normal control group,the mice in the other groups were sutured on the right eyelid 21 days after birth to establish MD amblyopia model.the mice were fed in standard environment or EE for 4 weeks according to the group.Visual acuity and flash visual evoked potential (F-VEP) of mice in each group were detected.The distribution of microtubule associated protein 2 (MAP2) in visual cortex of adult amblyopic mice were detected by immunohistochemistry.The expression of MAP2,synaptophysin (SYP) and postsynaptic density protein-95 (PSD-95) protein in visual cortex of adult amblyopic mice were detected by western blot.The experimental protocol was approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee of Hunan Children's Hospital and conformed to the National Institutes of Health Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals.Results There was a significant difference in the visual acuity of deprived eye among each group (F=114.632,P＜0.001).The visual acuity in MD group is lower than that in normal control group,with a significant difference (t =15.480,P＜0.001).Compared with MD group,visual acuity was restored in MD+ EE group and MD +fluoxetine group,with significant differences (t =15.071,P ＜ 0.001;t =14.841,P ＜ 0.001).There was a significant difference in the P2 latency and amplitude of F-VEP in deprived eye among each group (F=36.510,P=0.000;F=34.140,P=0.000).Compare with normal control group,P2 latency was prolonged and P2 amplitude of F-VEP was decreased in deprived eye in MD group,with significant differences (t =10.220,P =0.000;t =10.09,P =0.000).Western blot assay showed that there was a significant difference in the expression of MAP2 in visual cortex contralateral deprived eye among each group (F=18.142,P=0.000).The expression of MAP2 in MD group was significantly lower than that in normal contral group (t=3.056,P＜0.01);Compared with MD group,MAP2 expression was increased in MD+EE group and MD+fluoxetine group (t =2.541,P =0.031;t =2.157,P =0.017).There were significant differences in the expression of SYP and PSD-95 in visual cortex contralateral to deprived eye among each group (F =12.871,P =0.000;F =25.060,P =0.000).Compared with normal contral group,SYP and PSD-95 expression in visual cortex were down-regulated in MD group,with significant differences (t =6.054,P =0.000;t =8.631,P =0.000).The expression of SYP and PSD-95 protein in MD+EE group and MD+fluoxetine group were significantly higher than those in MD group (all at P＜0.05).Conclusions EE can recover visual function through up-regulating the expression of MAP2,which can modulate the dendritic branch trim and neural plasticity of visual cortex in adult MD mice.
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Objective To observe the effect of clean water perineum nursing in preventing urinary catheter-associated urinary tract infection. Methods From October 2015 to October 2016, 160 patients with indwelling urinary catheter were selected from the first affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, ICU and neurosurgery ICU. According to the order of admission, the patients were randomly divided into experimental group and control group. A total of 80 patients in the experimental group received clean water perineal nursing, while 80 patients in the control group received routine perineum nursing with 0.5% iodophor. The incidence of urinary tract infection was compared between the two groups on day 3rd, 7th and14th after indwelling urethral catheter. Results In the control group, the incidence of urinary tract infection on day 3rd, 7th and14th was 0, 1.3% (1/80) and 5.0% (4/80), respectively. In the experimental group, the incidence of urinary tract infection on day 3, 7 and 14 was 0, 2.5% (2/80) and 3.8% (3/80). The difference was not statistically significant (χ2=0.340, 0.149, P> 0.05). Conclusions Using clean water perineum nursing does not increase the incidence of urinary tract infection. This method is simple, effective, and has no adverse reactions. It is worth popularizing in clinic because it can reduce the consumption of iodophor disinfectant and reduce the workload of nurses.
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We reported the diagnosis and treatment of a male infant with congenital tuberculosis. He was a small for gestational age (SGA) and formula-fed baby born virginally at the gestational age of 36 weeks. He was admitted to hospital at the age of 28 days for fever. His mother experienced untreated low fever and cough at 24-28 gestational weeks and was postnatally diagnosed as having pulmonary tuberculosis and tuberculosis encephalitis. Physical examination of the baby found hepatomegaly and splenomegaly on admission and the lab results indicated anaemia, elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) and impaired liver function. Acid-fast Bacillus was detected in gastric fluid smear test using acid-fast staining. The detection of T-cell ELIspots in tuberculosis infection (T-SPOT.TB) test was positive. Chest/abdominal X-rays showed multiple nodular and linear shadows in both lungs. Abdominal MRI revealed abnormal signals of diffuse nodular lesions in the liver and spleen. X-rays of the long bones showed few periosteal reactions in both femurs. Quadruple anti-tuberculosis therapy with isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide and amikacin was initiated on admission and the patient experienced fluctuating body temperature, poor weight gain and CRP level ranging from 15 to 22 mg/L. Though the pulmonary lesion subsided after the treatment, no significant change occured in hepatic or splenic lesions. The baby boy was discharged from the hospital at the request of his parents on 39 d and lost to follow-up.
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Objective@#To evaluate the role of intestinal flora disturbance in perioperative neurocognitive disorders in aged mice.@*Methods@#Sixty SPF healthy male C57BL/6J mice, aged 18 months, were divided into 4 groups (n=15 each) by a random number table method: control group (group C), operation group (group O), operation plus lactobacillus rhamnosus group (group OL) and operation plus fecal microbiota transplantation group (group OF). Exploratory laparotomy was performed in O, OL and OF groups.In group PL, lactobacillus rhamnosus 200 μl (1×109 CFU/ml, 200 μl/day) was given by gavage once a day for 10 days starting from the end of surgery, and mice received about 0.2×109 CFU probiotics per day.In group OF, broad-spectrum antibiotic mixture (ampicillin and sulbactam 1.5 g/L, vancomycin 500 mg/L, ciprofloxacin 200 mg/L, imipenem cilastatin 250 mg/L and metronidazole 1 g/L) was added to the drinking water at 7 weeks prior to operation and replaced with sterile tap water at 72 h before operation, and fecal filtrates 200 μl was given by gavage once a day for 10 days starting the end of operation.Five mice were sacrificed at day 10 after operation in each group, and Evans blue extravasation test was used to measure the vascular permeability of jejunum and ileum.Five mice were sacrificed at day 10 after operation in each group, and the small intestinal and hippocampal tissues and orbital venous blood samples were obtained for determination of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-17, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), IL-4 and IL-10 levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Five mice were selected at day 10 after operation in each group, and the Morris water maze test was used to assess the cognitive function.@*Results@#Compared with group C, the vascular permeability of jejunum and ileum was significantly increased, the levels of IL-6, IL-17, TNF-α and IFN-γ in the small intestine, peripheral blood and hippocampus were increased, the levels of IL-4 and IL-10 were decreased, the swimming distance and escape latency were prolonged, and the time spent in the target quadrant was shortened in group O (P<0.05 or 0.01), and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in OL and OF groups (P>0.05). Compared with group O, the vascular permeability of jejunum and ileum was significantly decreased, the levels of IL-6, IL-17, TNF-α and IFN-γ in the small intestine, peripheral blood and hippocampus were decreased, the levels of IL-4 and IL-10 were increased, the swimming distance and escape latency were shortened, and the time spent in the target quadrant was prolonged in OL and OF groups (P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#Intestinal flora disturbance can mediate inflammatory responses in the hippocampus and cause perioperative neurocognitive disorders in aged mice.
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Objective@#To observe the effect of clean water perineum nursing in preventing urinary catheter-associated urinary tract infection.@*Methods@#From October 2015 to October 2016, 160 patients with indwelling urinary catheter were selected from the first affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, ICU and neurosurgery ICU. According to the order of admission, the patients were randomly divided into experimental group and control group. A total of 80 patients in the experimental group received clean water perineal nursing, while 80 patients in the control group received routine perineum nursing with 0.5% iodophor. The incidence of urinary tract infection was compared between the two groups on day 3rd, 7th and14th after indwelling urethral catheter.@*Results@#In the control group, the incidence of urinary tract infection on day 3rd, 7th and14th was 0, 1.3%(1/80) and 5.0%(4/80), respectively. In the experimental group, the incidence of urinary tract infection on day 3, 7 and 14 was 0, 2.5% (2/80) and 3.8%(3/80). The difference was not statistically significant (χ2=0.340, 0.149, P> 0.05).@*Conclusions@#Using clean water perineum nursing does not increase the incidence of urinary tract infection. This method is simple, effective, and has no adverse reactions. It is worth popularizing in clinic because it can reduce the consumption of iodophor disinfectant and reduce the workload of nurses.
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Objective To evaluate the role of intestinal flora disturbance in perioperative neurocognitive disorders in aged mice.Methods Sixty SPF healthy male C57BL/6J mice,aged 18 months,were divided into 4 groups (n =15 each) by a random number table method:control group (group C),operation group (group O),operation plus lactobacillus rhamnosus group (group OL) and operation plus fecal microbiota transplantation group (group OF).Exploratory laparotomy was performed in O,OL and OF groups.In group PL,lactobacillus rhamnosus 200 μl (1×109 CFU/ml,200 μl/day) was given by gavage once a day for 10 days starting from the end of surgery,and mice received about 0.2× 109 CFU probiotics per day.In group OF,broad-spectrum antibiotic mixture (ampicillin and sulbactam 1.5 g/L,vancomycin 500 mg/L,ciprofloxacin 200 mg/L,imipenem cilastatin 250 mg/L and metronidazole 1 g/L) was added to the drinking water at 7 weeks prior to operation and replaced with sterile tap water at 72 h before operation,and fecal filtrates 200 μl was given by gavage once a day for 10 days starting the end of operation.Five mice were sacrificed at day 10 after operation in each group,and Evans blue extravasation test was used to measure the vascular permeability of jejunum and ileum.Five mice were sacrificed at day 10 after operation in each group,and the small intestinal and hippocampal tissues and orbital venous blood samples were obtained for determination of interleukin-6 (IL-6),IL-17,tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α),interferon gamma (IFN-γ),IL-4 and IL-10 levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Five mice were selected at day 10 after operation in each group,and the Morris water maze test was used to assess the cognitive function.Results Compared with group C,the vascular permeability of jejunum and ileum was significantly increased,the levels of IL-6,IL-17,TNF-α and IFN-γ in the small intestine,peripheral blood and hippocampus were increased,the levels of IL-4 and IL-10 were decreased,the swimming distance and escape latency were prolonged,and the time spent in the target quadrant was shortened in group O (P＜0.05 or 0.01),and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in OL and OF groups (P＞0.05).Compared with group O,the vascular permeability of jejunum and ileum was significantly decreased,the levels of IL-6,IL-17,TNF-α and IFN-γin the small intestine,peripheral blood and hippocampus were decreased,the levels of IL-4 and IL-10 were increased,the swimming distance and escape la tency were shortened,and the time spent in the target quadrant was prolonged in OL and OF groups (P＜0.05).Conclusion Intestinal flora disturbance can mediate inflammatory responses in the hippocampus and cause perioperative neurocognitive disorders in aged mice.
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A health nursing work environment can improve nurses' working satisfaction and job retention, which is an important indicator reflecting the quality of nursing care and patient safety. This article expounds the connotation of nursing working environment,reviews the research status and extracts the improvement strategies for the future.
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Objective To investigate the role of transient receptor potential melastatin 7 (TR PM7) in the protective role of sevoflurane preconditioning against hippocampal neuron injury caused by oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD).Methods Hippocampal neurons were harvested from postnatal day 1 SD rats,and randomly divided into 5 groups:control group (group C),sevoflurane group (group Sev),oxygen-glucose deprivation group (group OGD),sevoflurane+ OGD group (group SD) and sevoflurane+OGD+bradykinin group (group B).To build up the model of OGD,the neurons were cultured in a deoxygenated glucose-free medium and exposed to 95％ N2 and 5％％ CO2 in an anaerobic chamber equilibrated at 37℃ for 1.5 h,followed by replacement with glucose containing medium and return to a standard incubator for additional 24 h.The neurons in group C received no treatment.Group OGD was preconditioned with 2 ％ sevoflurane for 1 h.The neurons in group OGD were subjected to OGD.Group SD was preconditioned with 2％ sevoflurane for 1 h,followed by OGD at 24 h after the sevoflurane exposure.The neurons in group B was incubated in a medium supplemented with 200 μmol/L bradykinin (the selective agonist of TRPM7),followed sequen tially by the preconditioning of 2％ sevoflurane for 1 h and then OGD challenge.Twenty-four hours after re-oxygenation,The relative neuronal cell viability was determined by MTT assay,the neuronal apoptotic rate was analyzed by TUNEL assay,the protein expression of TRPM7 was detected by Western blot,the mRNA level of TRPM7 was estimated by real-time PCR,the neuronal release of IL-1β and TNF-α in the serum was measured by ELISA.Results Compared with group C,the mR NA and protein levels of TRPM7,the neuronal apoptotic rate,the mRNA and supernatant protein levels of IL-1β and TNFα were significantly up-regulated in group OGD (P＜0.05),whereas the cell viability was decreased (P＜0.05).Compared with group OGD,the mRNA and protein levels of TRPM7,the neuronal apoptotic rate,the mRNA and supernatant protein levels of IL1β and TNF-α were significantly down-regulated in group SD (P＜0.05),whereas the cell viability was increased (P＜0.05).Compared with group SD,the mRNA and protein levels of TRPM7,the neuronal apoptotic rate,the mRNA and supernatant protein levels of IL-1β and TNF-α were significantly up-regula ted in group B (P＜0.05),whereas the cell viability was decreased (P＜0.05).Conclusion Sevoflurane attenuates apoptosis and inflammatory responses induced by OGD via reduction of the overex pression of TRPM7 in the hippocampal neurons.